While it is true that they had no idea whether or not they could overcome Hitler, they still could have been more convicted in their stance instead of constantly bending to his will. giving how discredited the League of Nations was by the time It also gave them time to bring up their economy which was needed during a war. What was Chamberlain's goal for the Munich Agreement? Even though Chamberlain had helped Hitler in his expansionist policy, it gave the other countries the time to rearm and expand their military capabilities. I think that the appeasement was the right policy for Britain in 1938 as this allowed Britain to build up its industrial capabilities in preparation for war. Chamberlain, faced with the prospect of a German invasion, flew to Berchtesgaden on 15 September to negotiate directly with Hitler, who now demanded that Chamberlain accept not Sudeten self-government within Czechoslovakia but the absorption of the Sudeten lands into Germany. Hugh Dalton, a Labour Party MP who usually advocated stiff resistance to Germany, said that neither the British people nor Labour would support military or economic sanctions. "The romance of decline: The historiography of appeasement and British national identity. Appeasement was said to have been beneficial because it provided the Allies with more time to prepare for war. Rebuilding a strong economy was also necessary to survive the oncoming war to allow themselves to rebuild and rearm post-war. Yes, indeed Hitler did have plans to go expand. [77], British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher invoked the example of Churchill during the Falklands War of 1982: "When the American Secretary of State, Alexander Haig, urged her to reach a compromise with the Argentines she rapped sharply on the table and told him, pointedly, 'that this was the table at which Neville Chamberlain sat in 1938 and spoke of the Czechs as a faraway people about whom we know so little'". [88][77], During the Cold War, the "lessons" of appeasement were cited by prominent conservative allies of Reagan, who urged him to be assertive in "rolling back" Soviet-backed regimes throughout the world. He expressed his contempt for them in a speech that he delivered to his Commanders in Chief: "Our enemies have leaders who are below the average. If Britain and France were firm and held a united front they could have stopped Hitler when he moved troops into the Rhineland. Was Appeasement the Right Policy for England in 1938? [47] However, the Royal Air Force had two major weapons systems in the works: better interceptors (Hurricanes and Spitfires) and especially radar. Historians' assessments have ranged from condemnation ("Lesson of Munich") for allowing Hitler's Germany to grow too strong to the judgment that Germany was so strong that it might well win a war and that postponing a showdown was in the best interests of the West. Britain and France, along with the support from other nations, would have been able to be enough of a formidable force to deter Germany from taking further aggressive actions had they taken a stand and made it apparent that they do not condone such actions. Appeasement was the right policy for Britain in 1938. And it usually takes agreement among many on what the plan of action will be. Some politicians both inside and outside the government were willing to consider the offer, but Churchill refused to do so. His expansionist policies could be seen taking place right in front of British eyes, but their politicians were so paranoid about war that they did not do anything about it. ", Peden G. C., "A Matter of Timing: The Economic Background to British Foreign Policy, 19371939,". This resulted in weak western governments and this allowed Hitler and other countries to take advantage and cause war. (. His view has been shared by other historians. Appeasement was Chamberlains personal way of dealing with Hitler Yes. Few saw appeasement as a good thing. [4], As alarm grew about the rise of fascism in Europe, Chamberlain resorted to attempts at news censorship to control public opinion. [22] However, Churchill's subsequent leadership of Britain during the war and his role in creating the post-war consensus against appeasement have tended to obscure the fact that "his contemporary criticism of totalitarian regimes other than Hitler's Germany was at best muted". "Munich, 1938: The military confrontation. He criticised revisionist historians for concentrating on Chamberlain's motivations, rather than how appeasement worked in practice, as a "usable policy" to deal with Hitler. 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[92], In 2013, Obama administration officials such as Secretary of State John Kerry and Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel claimed that a failure of the United States to intervene in the Syrian Civil War after the 2003 Ghouta chemical attack would be an act of appeasement towards Bashar al-Assad. Keep the bluff up as long as possible, per se. "The Ghosts of Appeasement: Britain and the Legacy of the Munich Agreement. [36] Anti-communism was sometimes acknowledged as a deciding factor, as mass labour unrest resurfaced in Britain, and news of Stalin's bloody purges disturbed the West. Round 1: Take out Documents A and B, Guiding Questions, and Hypotheses Sheet. Unfortunately, appeasement back-fired on them and World War II started. The 1935 Anglo-German Naval Agreement had the Britain permit Germany to begin rebuilding the German Navy, including its U-boats, despite Germany having repeatedly violated the Treaty of Versailles. The term is most often applied to the foreign policy of the British governments of Prime Ministers Ramsay MacDonald (in office 1929-1935), Stanley Baldwin (in office 1935-1937) and (most notably) Neville Chamberlain (in office . [86][87], After the Viet Minh won the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower wrote in a letter to British Prime Minister Churchill, "We failed to halt Hirohito, Mussolini, and Hitler by not acting in unity and in time. Even though appeasement didn't get rid of war between Britain and Germany, it was a great decision for Britain in 1938. France and Britain advised Czechoslovak acceptance of Sudeten autonomy. to find a compromise over the Sudetenland. How did appeasement lead to WW2? ", Watt, D. C. "The Historiography of Appeasement", in, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 00:08. The goal was that in a European war Britain would enjoy the "benevolent neutrality" of whichever side won in Spain.[10]. He was invited by the royal family onto the balcony at Buckingham Palace before he had reported to Parliament. [64] For the few journalists who were asking challenging questions about appeasement, primarily members of the foreign press, Chamberlain often froze them out or intimidated them. The lesson of Munich, in international relations, refers to the appeasement of Adolf Hitler at the Munich Conference in September 1938. Germany was able to expand his land for his Master Race. [45][46], Public opinion in Britain throughout the 1930s was frightened by the prospect of German terror bombing of British cities, which had started during the First World War. If they had been more aggresive against Hitler, they would have prevented war. By early 1938, Hitler had consolidated his power in Germany and was ready to implement his long-held plan. . Was appeasement the right policy for England in 1938. [37] Many believed after the First World War that wars were started by mistake, in which case the League of Nations could prevent them; or that they were caused by large-scale armaments, in which case disarmament was the remedy; or that they were caused by national grievances, in which case the grievances should be redressed peacefully. Mujtaba Haider Zaidi "Chamberlain and Hitler vs. Pakistan and Taliban" The Frontier Post Newspaper, 3 July 2013 URL: Corvaja, Santi and Miller, Robert L. (2008), The Versailles Treaty and its Legacy: The Failure of the Wilsonian Vision, by Norman A. Graebner, Edward M. Bennett, Medlicott, W.N., Review of "The Roots of Appeasement" by M.Gilbert (1966), in. On the other hand, what would have been happened if this only deterred Hitler? The people wanted peace more than anything else. On 12 March 1939, Foreign Minister Juosas Urbys represented Lithuania at the coronation of Pope Pius XII in Rome. It encouraged Hitler rather than curb his appetite. ADDED: It makes no difference if the child is an adult or a minor. Thus, appeasement was the right policy, for it gave time for the British to rearm against a superior German military, whereas declaring war on Germany to defend Czechoslovakian Honour would have resulted in disaster. The constitutions of both the Weimar Republic and the First Republic of Austria, included the aim of unification, which was supported by democratic parties. "Appeasement Reconsidered Investigating the Mythology of the 1930s" (Strategic Studies Institute, 2005), Roi, Michael. Another justification was because Britain did not have the Financial Resources to launch another war. This also helped to avoid Germany from having naval superiority which helped to prevent a naval invasion of Britain. Chamberlain went to meet Hitler on 15th September 1938 in Britain would not give it up and this caused Germany to invade Poland and start World War II, 6 months later. Appeasement was justified as going to war was the last resort for countries. Guy La Chambre, the civilian air minister, optimistically informed the government that the air force could stop the Luftwaffe. "Appeasing Hitler: The Munich Crisis of 1938: A Teaching and Learning Resource,", Dimuccio, Ralph BA. Was appeasement the right policy for England in 1938? It is true that the appeasement did not prevent the war from breaking out, however the appeasement did allow them to buy more time to rearm and have a stronger opposing army to oppose Germany. Barros, Andrew, Talbot C. Imlay, Evan Resnick, Norrin M. Ripsman, and Jack S. Levy. [38] As Antony Beevor writes, "The policy of appeasement was not Neville Chamberlin's invention. The United States reminded them of their duty under the KelloggBriand Pact to settle matters peacefully. And if they were to lose, they would suffer more losses such as manpower than which if they did the Appeasement and took the time to prepare. remilitarized the Rhineland, annexed Austria, and in September 1938, Hitler demanded that Czechoslovakia give Germany the Sudetenland, a. region with a heavy ethnic-German population. Also, this policy was being carried out at a point of time where there was a slight chance of peace. Was appeasement the right policy for England in 1938? Knew the appeasement policy was in ruins as Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia Thought appeasement wasn't the right policy as they only got 6 months of peace Against Doc D Doc B Elected to Parliament in 1938 Opposition to appeasement Worked as a reporter in Godesberg, Germany when Chamberlain and Hitler met Against Doc C Arguments with the highest score are displayed first. Develop Hypothesis #1, drawing from Documents A and B. Answer Guiding Questions. In October 1935 Mussolini launched an attack on Abyssinia. Free shipping for many products! This was because Britain was still suffering from the experience of WW1 and they were trying to rearm properly. The people were wary of another war and if they had not tried appeasement, the government would not have the full support of the people if a war broke out. Minh - Yes, it was the right policy. In document B, they claim that Hitler was given everything and didn't have to work for his position, which ultimately gave Hitler more power than originally intended. The British treated the issue in the same way as the earlier Sudeten Crisis and made no plans to assist Lithuania or the other Baltic States if they were attacked by Germany. They failed horribly at that. At least that's what I believe could've worked if my memory of the pre-war is correct. [citation needed] The Anschluss paved the way for Munich in September 1938 because it indicated the likely non-response of Britain and France to future German aggression. 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