They included Jews who had survived the Holocaust and many others who were fleeing the Soviet control. D) the beginning of World War II. Admiral Nimitz was able to secure a decisive victory against the Japanese naval forces at the Battle of Midway because How did the countrys reasons for fighting the war, as articulated by Roosevelt, differ from those of Germany. A. When World War II ended, the United States was in better economic condition than any other country in the world. 182, 186) exempted noncitizen service members from naturalization requirements related to age, race, residence, any educational tests, fees . This enabled Roosevelt to establish what became known as the . In exchange, refugees must abide by the laws and regulations of the country of asylum. Facing History & Ourselves uses lessons of history to challenge teachers and their students to stand up to bigotry and hate. After the United States entered World War II Congress acted to provide for the expedited naturalization of noncitizens serving honorably in the U.S. Armed Forces. C) She maintains an optimistic view of humankind. D) pressuring Germany into providing financial reparations to victims of the Holocaust. "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. Did not destroy all ships/ A) less than 5 years Usually it refers to the period when the United States and other members of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) joined the forces with the Republic of South Vietnam to contest communist forces, comprised of South Vietnamese guerrillas and regular-force units, generally known as Viet Cong (VC), and . A.Germany was able to take over much of Europe by 1940. The Soviet Union owed the United States a massive amount of debt. The experience of World War I had a . The Library of Congress offers classroom materials and professional development to help teachers effectively use primary sources from the Library's vast digital collections in their teaching. Flushed with their success against Germany and Japan in 1945, most Americans initially viewed their place in the postwar world with optimism and confidence. It was scattered and disorganized. D) victory over the Axis Powers abroad and discrimination at home. C) creating a military tribunal to punish those who participated in the Nazi genocide. Why was Hitler happy that the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor? D. through the enlistment of volunteers to work government jobs. B. Germany and Japan were to pay for the resettlement of displaced persons from the countries they formerly occupied. B. The population plummeted due to people going to fight overseas. Hours later, the United States declared war on both countries. A. The Nazi forces were able to buy time for more reinforcements to arrive. These and other viewpoints would be challenged with the United States' entry into World War II. e) no Americans were taken prisoner by the Japanese. holding free elections in Eastern Europe after the war. On December 9, 1941two days after the attackUS President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the American people on the radio. Almost every country in the world participated in World War II.Most were neutral at the beginning, but only a relatively few nations remained neutral to the end. The Senate did not believe the emergency warranted this dramatic step but was willing to significantly restrict the number of immigrants allowed to enter the United States. "Defense contracts during the war were undesirable, because they required that businesses pay huge upfront costs." B. A) process the forced deportation of German Jews to other countries. B. To convince islanders to support the United States against Japan Draw two lines under each verb. C. "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract." C. opposition to policies requiring racial segregation of factory workers. "We found financial self-reliance, which was new for us, after we went to work in the defense industry." Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the president of the United States for the majority of this time, from 1933 to 1945. Washington, DC 20024-2126 The Axis Powers fought relentlessly against the Allied Powers for dominance around the world. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 2 A.It stated the United States would only accept an unconditional surrender of Germany. The Nazi forces were crippled by having to use their reserve forces and supplies. Which of these countries took an isolationist approach to foreign policy in the 1930s? This is a timeline of events of World War II in 1939, from the start of the war on 1 September 1939.For events preceding September 1, 1939, see the timeline of events preceding World War II.. Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939, and Britain and France's declaration of war on Germany two days later marks the beginning of World War II. C) about 15 years Unit 3 Challenge Questions/ The United States, Sophia U.S. History 2 Unit 4 Milestone Study, Sophia.org U.S. History II - UNIT 4 - CHALLEN, Vulnerability Scans, Security and Controls, Sophia.org U.S. History II - FINAL MILESTONE, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the . Public policy, like the so-called GI Bill of Rights passed in 1944, provided money for veterans to attend college, to purchase homes, and to buy farms. Faced with Congressional inaction, he issued a statement, known as the "Truman Directive," on December 22, 1945, announcing that DPs would be granted priority for US visas within the existing quota system. The Pearl Harbor attack The Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor began just before 8 a.m. local time Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. How did the United States government and American people respond to Nazism? C. SAN FRANCISCO When Miya Iwataki and other Japanese Americans fought in the 1980s for the U.S. government to apologize to families it imprisoned during World War II, Black politicians and civil rights leaders were integral to the movement. By capturing nearby islands, the U.S. could install military bases to keep Japan in check. The United States had the world's largest military force. Although refugees gained legal status under postwar international law, the scope of these laws were narrow and limited at first, before expanding to their current form. D. a pact signed by the Soviet Union and the United States agreeing to first focus on the war in the Pacific before turning their attention to defeating Germany. Those men held power by selling everyone else a myth: The biggest threat to workers like you are . Audie Murphy famously received the Congressional Medal of Honor for D) the ratification of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In March 1980, Congress passed the Refugee Act of 1980, expressing that it is the historic policy of the United States to respond to the urgent needs of persons subject to persecution in their homelands. The Act laid out the procedures for the admission of refugees into the United States and how the US would fulfill its obligations as a signatory of the United Nations Refugee Protocol. C. The safety of Japanese Americans was threatened because most of the Japanese American community lived in war zones. These laws did not change in the 1930s, as desperate Jewish refugees attempted to immigrate from Nazi Germany. D. a German airborne force who rescued Mussolini from a mountaintop fortress in Italy. ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. A) victory over fear and want, as described in the Four Freedoms speech B. The United States officially enters World War I. April 6, 1917: Two days after the U.S. Senate voted 82 to 6 to declare war against Germany, the U.S. House of Representatives endorses the . A. The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. a.) A. Roosevelt placed an embargo on Japan. They mobilized all their armored divisions in Italy for a supposed invasion there. D) all of the Allies suffered economically due to the war. Industry stopped . B. A. more denouncement The Vietnam War is the commonly used name for the Second Indochina War, 1954-1975. Most of Japan's former colonies were now under U.S. control. "Over 90% of us were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the war." c.) Immigrants from the Western Hemisphere, needed for US labor, were non-quota arrivals, exempted from the quota system. The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention, but did sign the 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol, which removed those geographical and time limitations. Why was the United States reluctant to launch a land invasion of Japan? He said, in part: The course that Japan has followed for the past ten years in Asia has paralleled the course of Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and in Africa. B) World War I and World War II B) setting up a National Holocaust Museum. What was the Double Victory? B. A. C. Native Americans recruited from nearby reservations in New Mexico. c.) Between 1980 and 2018, more than 3,000,000 refugees have been resettled in the United States. Although the IRO constitution was drawn up in December 1946, the organization did not begin work until 1948, when the nations paying the majority of the IROs expenses had ratified the constitution. C) the Allies invaded Germany from Denmark and Sweden. Truman's advisors were concerned that Great Britain might claim territory in Asia if fighting continued. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War II and financed the Allied war effort, and helped defeat Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the European theater. D. less expansion, What were Japan's two mistakes in Pearl Harbor? Not all Americans participated equally in these expanding life opportunities and in the growing economic prosperity. The bill, Truman stated, reflects a singular lack of confidence by the Congress in the capacity and willingness of the people of the United States to extend a welcoming hand to the prospective immigrants.. B. through the sale of coupon books for consumer goods Which of these events helped increase world support for the establishment of Israel? D. Japan feeling threatened by the U.S. presence in Asia and the Pacific. Which U.S. government agency was formed as a response to the news that the Soviet Union had detonated a nuclear device? B. the Munich Pact A. Six million European Jews had been murdered. ", d.) Sources. "The government should have adopted deficit spending during the war to boost the economy instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." the Central Intelligence Agency. World War II was just six years long but surprisingly, it had two presidents ruling the United States during its course. After the United States entered World War II: a) Americans saw little military action for the first few months of 1942. b) Americans immediately won several key battles. It was difficult for him to gauge where the Allies would strike next. D. ", d.) In the twenty years following 1945, there was a broad political consensus concerning the Cold War and anti-Communism. C) transform "undesirables" into productive members of society. In the end, the United States was forced into the war on December 7th, 1941 when Japan surprise attack the United States at Pearl Harbor. At the Potsdam Conference, the View the list of all donors. "Dear Mr. President," Nashville, Tennessee, January or February "Dear Mr. President," New York, New York, January or February Letter from Alan Lomax to Wilhelmina Waters, April 3, 1942. "We were informed that our corporation would remain subject to antitrust regulations." Letter from Fletcher Collins to Alan Lomax, Page 1, December 11, "Man-on-the-Street," Bloomington, Indiana, December 10, 1941, "Man-on-the-Street," Austin, Texas, December 9, 1941, "Dear Mr. President," Tucson, Arizona, January or February 1942. D. After the United States entered World War II, immigrants from which of the following countries became eligible for U.S. citizenship? B) the course of the war turned in favor of the Axis Powers. B. the refusal of the U.S. to trade any natural resources with Japan. Students connect themes from the film to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's concept of single stories," and then consider what it would take to tell more equitable and accurate narratives. Five million women entered the workforce between 1940-1945. c.) . B. cutting off its access to the rich Caucasus oil fields. C. stable government How did President Roosevelt lead the mobilization of the war effort? laborers migrated from Mexico to work in factories in the North. A) They were still unaware of the death camps' existence at that point. D. the Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor. National Expansion and Reform, 1815 - 1880, Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945. The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. his skillful handling of the Allied offensive at Normandy. American concerns over Japanese aggression in the Pacific. C. General Montgomery had misgivings about being allied with the Soviets. How does Donne's tone in this meditation support the point he is trying to make? ffidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. designated certain areas as war zones. Select an argument used in favor of U.S. involvement in World War II. The 1951 Convention defines the obligations of signatory nations to refugees, and vice versa. Without any significant factual evidence, the government perceived Japanese Americans as being a threat to national security. Students review the documents and videos from previous lessons and consider what information supports, expands, or challenges their thinking about the essay. The United States responded in kind, and therefore entered World War II. A. acknowledged How did WACs contribute to the American war effort? The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. A) The United States did not want to worsen diplomatic relations with the Nazis. A. a.) Many of the scientists who developed the first atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project were b.) b.) contributing to a "black market" for consumer goods. When did the United States enter World War I? The 1921 quotas were enforced on Ellis Island, not at US consulates abroad. In the Soviet Union, a "cult of personality" developed around Stalin. concur\hspace{1cm}_______ing \hspace{1cm}______ed \hspace{1cm}______ent\hspace{1cm}______ence, Identify the following term or individual and explain their significance. B. There were several well-publicized cases of Japanese American spies being caught operating in the United States. B) instituted the systematic extermination of German Jews. B.It showed the United States clearly supported the Allies. C. D. The population stayed roughly the same as auto factories were converted to produce munitions. D.It showed Roosevelt could be flexible when negotiating with the Soviet Union. Truman particularly criticized the fact that the bill restricted eligibility to people who had entered Germany, Austria, or Italy prior to December 22, 1945, effectively discriminating against Jewish displaced persons, many of whom had been in the Soviet zone of occupation and only traveled to western Europe later. Hundreds of thousands of liberated Jews, suffering from starvation and disease, emerged from concentration camps, hiding places, and places of temporary refuge to discover a world which still seemed to have no place for them. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.". The Second War Powers Act of 1942 (56 Stat. a.) B) save lives. Congress demanded an immediate end to the war "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car." D) They felt it more prudent to use diplomatic means to shut down the camps. c.) supporting the United States in the war against Japan D. He issued an order to desegregate the military. A. gave orders to surrender. C) U.S. entry into World War II. B) The Nazi racial classification laws were officially put into effect. C. A large number of African Americans migrated there from the South to work in the factories. After the United States entered World War II, A. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. Dwight D. Eisenhower was made Supreme Commander of Allied Forces following Kristallnacht is the name given to describe b.) B) limited the number of Jewish refugees allowed entry into the United States. . To seize islands vital to Japanese transportation and communication Adolf Hitler declares war against the United States. C) the policy of putting Jews into concentration camps. A. collect money for the war effort through the sale of war bonds. classified them as enemy combatants. For each word at the left, complete the four derivatives indicated. But now this isnt so bad anymore. Which series of events is arranged in the correct chronological order? Which was effectively an economic declaration of war against Germany and the Axis Powers? C. Although the war began with Nazi Germany's attack on Poland in September 1939, the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the American fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. . "The federal government encouraged us to continue producing consumer goods to keep American citizens happy. expand world trade through the reduction of tariffs. The neutral USA entered World War II only after many months of argument in Congress and after the attack on Pearl Harbor. D. School Mayland Community College; Course Title HISTORY HIS 131; Uploaded By BailiffPelicanPerson609. A) A group of Nazi generals hatched the plan to assassinate Hitler. After World War II began in 1939, the State Department cautioned consular officials to exercise particular care in screening applicants: "In view of the international situation, it is essential that all aliens seeking admission into the United States, including both immigrants and nonimmigrants be examined with the greatest care. Visa applicants were required to submit moral affidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. banned resident aliens from owning property. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as, "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it. On December 7, 1941 Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, inflicting heavy casualties and severe damage to the United States naval forces anchored there. buying and selling coupon books for rationed goods. The State Department, therefore, became responsible for enforcing the quota law, and midnight races ended. purchasing government war bonds. Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. U.S. and British forces struck a major blow against the Nazis' capacity to make war by FDR came to Yalta hoping to establish the groundwork for a practical and powerful United Nations, to be formed after the war, and also to convince the Russians to enter the war against Japan and help speed up . c.) C) restricted the number of countries that accepted Jewish refugees. TTY: 202.488.0406, In 1929, immigration was further limited to a total of 153,879 and the new quotas were re-calculated using complicated math based on the existing national origins of the population as reflected in the 1920 census and the new immigration cap. He wanted to keep the other Allies busy so he could divide Eastern Europe as he saw fit. Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, a territory of the US. By 1948, a new form of international tension had emerged--Cold War--between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies. The act was meant to solve the midnight races problem and establish a more permanent immigration law. B. . 300 seconds. ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." B. D. Japanese Americans feared that Japan would try to punish them for siding with the United States in the war. "Because taxes on income were lowered for the middle class, the wealthy, like my family, bore the brunt of funding the war effort. D. American women and minorities found new opportunities. Today, it has become far more than a parallel. While overall immigration into the United States did not increase, between 35,00040,000 DPs, most of whom were Jewish, entered the United States between December 22, 1945, and July 1, 1948, under provisions of the Truman Directive. A) gathered widespread support for the creation of a Jewish homeland. d.) C.It endorsed national self-determination for the post-war world. "We arranged sit-ins and other protests around Washington, D.C., as a part of our Double V Campaign." "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression. d.) retroactively revoked their citizenship. What did the existence of kamikaze pilots reveal about the Japanese military? A. Dec. 7. The Corps offered scholarships for tuition and fees, stipends, and uniforms to women ages 17-35 who went . Examine the history of the United States' entrance into World War II following the attack on Pearl Harbor. Select an argument used to oppose U.S. involvement in World War II. B) the prosecution of Nazi war criminals in the Nuremberg Trials Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia D) more than 20 years. a.) b.) He died of a brain hemorrhage on April 12,1945. Its involvement culminated in using newly American invented nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to defeat Imperial Japan in the Pacific War. d.) A) She refuses to imagine the alternative. Congress finally passed a Displaced Persons Act only reluctantly, and without public hearings. The United States long reserved its most lucrative occupations for an elite class of white men. The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. forcing Italy to surrender and change sides. "We began a civil rights campaign to achieve both a victory in Europe and a victory over racism in the U.S.", Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of Japanese Americans after the United States entered World War II. C) the prohibition of dictatorships like the Soviet Union. Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. a.) They sought peace through isolation and throughout the 1920s advocated a policy of disarmament and nonintervention. A. new Geneva Convention agreements about prisoners. Virtually none of the fighting had taken place on U.S. soil. ", d.) American military officials knew that many Japanese soldiers would rather die than surrender. After the United States entered World War II, the military's needs quickly brought on a nursing shortage. C) almost one third Allied victory brought an end to Nazi terror in Europe in May 1945, and to the war in the Pacific in August. The rescue worker wouldn't leave the building without the little boy. In the final phases of World War II in Europe, The Tuskegee Airmen were What did the Nazi-Soviet pact accomplish for Germany? To secure an unconditional surrender from Japan, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of _____ and a.) d.) It could no longer defend the mainland. They had developed a new technology that was able to jam the Nazi radar. his decisive victory at the Battle of Guadalcanal. The main function of the federal Office of War Information was to a.) D) demonstrate the power of nuclear weapons. They felt that Germany posed the greatest long-term threat to all parties involved. Allied forces strategy during World War II. B) about 10 years The 1953 Refugee Relief Act defined refugee (someone in a non-Communist country fleeing persecution), escapee (someone fleeing communism), and expellee" (an ethnic German forced out of Eastern Europe). The most pressing threat, the Allieds decided in the beginning, was Hitler's Germany. C. After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor presents approximately twelve hours of opinions recorded in the days and months following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, from more than two hundred individuals in cities and towns across the United States. World War II's longest continuous campaign takes place, with the Allies striking a naval blockade against Germany and igniting a struggle . A. In the next 20 years, the Cold War spawned many tensions between the two superpowers abroad and fears of Communist subversion gripped domestic politics at home. They were historically significant. Japan had committed too many of its resources to defending Hong Kong. C. Presumably, the agreement to safeguard the identity of these persons was intentional, as some of the interviewees worked for the Federal government and/or otherwise required anonymity in order to participate. A. The so-called Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles in 1943 were a result of C. the British Royal Air Force "Most defense contracts went to small businesses like the one I own." Under President Woodrow Wilson, the United States remained neutral until 1917 and then entered the war on the side of the Allied powers (the United Kingdom, France, and Russia). all of Japan's aircraft carriers were mistakenly directed to Guam. B. less denouncement A. racial tensions related to the huge influx of laborers from Mexico. C. D. demonstrate their support for Germany and Italy. (This happened just as the systematic, mass murder of the Jews began with the German invasion of the Soviet Union.) President Truman feared a second Japanese attack on American soil. He motivated Americans and established agencies to direct mobilization. Copyright 2023 Facing History & Ourselves. The International Refugee Organization (IRO), a temporary specialized agency of the newly established United Nations, was created in December 1946 to replace the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC), which had originally been created during the Evian Conference in 1938.